Capital Budgeting:
Methods of Appraisal and Conflict in Criteria for Evaluation
Capital budgeting is the process of planning and managing a firm’s long-term investments. Methods of appraisal include Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period.
Example
Consider a project with an initial investment of $1 million and expected cash flows of $200,000 annually for 10 years. The NPV method would discount these cash flows back to their present value using the company’s cost of capital. If the NPV is positive, the project is considered viable.
Risk Analysis in Capital Budgeting
Risk analysis in capital budgeting involves assessing the uncertainty of cash flows and their potential impacts on the project’s viability. Techniques include sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation.
Example from GS: Show the function of Budgeting in GS
Capital Rationing
Capital rationing occurs when a company has more profitable projects than it can finance. The company must prioritize projects based on their returns and strategic alignment.
Example
A company might have to choose between investing in a new product line or expanding an existing one, depending on the expected returns and alignment with long-term goals.